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America is a nation of risk-takers. Most Americans are descendants of immigrants who left the known of the Old Worlds for the unknown of the New. The pioneers who lived on the frontier had a hard life, so they had to be tough and self-reliant/ Frontier men and women were often facing new solutions. Under these circumstances, they soon learned to experiment with new inventions and new ways of doing things. This willingness to experiment and invent led to another American trait, a sense of optimism that every problem has a solution. The frontiersmen had to overcome many difficulties. Friends and neighbours came for help without any reward. They shared food, together build each other's houses and fought fires. This extraordinary willingness to cooperate gave a rise to American's capacity for volunteer actions. The difficulties jf the frontier also shaped the tradition of hospitality: if you didn't take in the stranger and didn't take care of him, there was no one else who would. As the people acquired new territories, they were moving from east to west. Americans are always on the move - from one part of the country to another, from one city to another, from farm to city. 1What can you tell about the old world ? 2.What kind of life did they have? 3.Who was the frontiensmen ? 4.What was the main idea of the text?